*Villains*+Page

//Possible Villains list was released Monday 15th August//
- * = CROSSED OFF!

13. Butcher bird
(Nathan S Connor C Patrick H

Put your name in brackets after your points so we know who put what up.
Our villian is not an obvious predator. (Georgia) This website [] Suggests that fairy Wrens are scared of dogs, CATS, FOXES and pestisides which can attack them(By Grant ====Don’t put information up that someone else has already put up… and try to cover them all so pick one of the villains that hasn't been done yet (or doesn't have enough information) ... So first in best dressed!====

**Butcher Bird- Cracticus torquatus Lepidlizard**
==== Butcherbirds range from mid-eastern Queensland, through southern Australia, including Tasmania, to up north in Western Australia. There is an isolated population in the Kimberley and in some parts of the Northern Territory. (Anneka, Amanda and Georgia) ====

The adult Grey Butcherbird has a black crown and face and a grey back, with a thin white collar. The wings are grey, with large areas of white and the underparts are white. The grey and black bill is large, with a small hook at the tip of the upper bill. The eye is dark brown and the legs and feet are dark grey. Both sexes are similar in plumage, but the females are slightly smaller than the males. Young Grey Butcherbirds resemble adults, but have black areas replaced with olive-brown and a buff wash on the white areas. The bill is completely dark grey and often lacks an obvious hook. They are sometimes mistaken for small kingfishers. Grey Butcherbirds are found in a range of wooded habitats, including suburban areas. In inland areas, the birds tend to favour the denser forests. Grey Butcherbirds are aggressive predators. They prey on small animals, including birds, lizards and insects, as well as some fruits and seeds. Uneaten food may be stored in the fork or a branch or impaled. Grey Butcherbirds sit on an open perch searching for prey which, once sighted, they pounce on. Most mobile prey is caught on the ground, though small birds and insects may be caught in flight. Feeding normally takes place alone, in pairs or in small family groups. The Grey Butcherbird's nest is bowl-shaped, and is made of sticks and twigs, lined with grasses and other soft fibres. It is normally located within 10 m of the ground. The eggs are incubated by the female and the young birds are fed by both parents. The young birds will remain in the breeding territory for about a year, and help the parents raise the young of the following season. (Jeanelle)

> ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ The adult cane toad has enlarged parotoid glands behind the eyes, and other glands across their back. When the toads are threatened, their glands secrete a milky-white fluid known as bufotoxn ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ > They also eat plants, dog food and household refuse. Cane toads have a habit of swallowing their prey.by nathan scott They live for 10 to 15 years in the wild(Dominick, Grant, Brendan)
 * Cane Toad - Bufo marinus Froggydarb**
 * Poisonous
 * Gold/ brownish in colour
 * Found in QLD
 * Lots of predators eat it
 * Shipped to Australia
 * Originated in central and south America

The average adult size is 10-15cm (but can reach 23cm), and breed twice yearly laying up to 35000 eggs (DEH, 2005). Cane toads can live up to 5 years, and reach sexual maturity between 6-18months. Females lay distinctive eggs - gelatinous strands with 2 rows of black eggs.

The cane toad is a native of South and Central America. In 1935, 101 cane toads were released in Northern QLD in an unsuccessful attempt to control two kinds of beetles infesting sugarcane crops. They spread rapidly throughout Queensland, recorded in Brisbane in the 1940’s and became established in the Northern Territory and Northern NSW. (Jeanelle)

**Feral cats - Felis silvestris catus dr_relling**
>> The feral cat is found in nearly all habitats across Australia. It has caused the extinction of some species on islands and has contributed to the disappearance of many ground-dwelling birds and mammals on the mainland. Feral cat control is feasible on islands, but elsewhere, management is difficult due to the lack of effective and humane broad-scale control techniques, and the presence of domestic cats. (Jeanelle)
 * ** Habitat: ** Feral cats are found in many different types of habitat, from deserts to forests and alpine regions.
 * ** Breeding: ** They usually breed twice a year from September to March.
 * ** What they eat: ** Feral cats are carnivorous and prey mostly on small animals, particularly rabbits. (Jeanelle)

**Lantana - Lantana camera**
> The stems are square in cross section, with small, recurved prickles. Most leaves are about 6 cm long and are covered in fine hairs. They are bright green above, paler beneath and have round-toothed edges. Leaves grow opposite one another along the stem. When crushed the leaves produce a distinctive odour. > Flowers appear throughout most of the year in clustered, compact heads about 2.5 cm in diameter. Flower colours vary from pale cream to yellow, white, pink, orange and red. Lantana produces round, berry-like fruit that turn from glossy green to purplish-black when ripe. > Lantana is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America. > It is found throughout most coastal and subcoastal areas of eastern Australia, from Far North Queensland to southern New South Wales. It grows in a wide variety of habitats, from exposed dry hillsides to wet, heavily shaded gullies. (Jeanelle)
 * Leaves exude unpleasant odour when crushed. Fruit green at first, ripening black, 1-seeded. Seeds yellow-brown, to 4 mm long. (Anneka, Amanda & Georgia)

**Perentie - Varanus giganteus**
>> The Perentie is Australia’s largest lizard. Its body is rich >> brown with large cream or yellow markings. It has a >>  forked tongue and numerous very sharp, slightly curved >> teeth. The Perentie also has a strong tail and powerful >> legs with five, clawed toes. >> Diet >> Perenties eat a variety of food, >> including turtle eggs, insects, birds, other reptiles, and >> small mammals and marsupials. Perenties track their >> prey by sight or by sensing with their tongue. Once >> caught, the Perentie will violently shake the prey until it  >> is dead and then swallow it whole. >> Did you know? >> The Perentie is a monitor (also known as a goanna) >> and Australia has about 25 of the world’s known 56 >> species of monitors. As a monitor, it is related to the >> much larger Komodo Dragon. Recent research suggests >> that monitors have the evolutionary remains of a  >>  venom gland, which may explain why wounds from >> the bites of these animals take a long time to heal. >> Habitat: >> Arid regions >> Number of eggs: >> 10–15  >>  Distribution: >> Central Western Australia >> and Central Australia (Jeanelle) >> >> >> >>
 * ** Habitat: ** Rocky with hard packed soil and some other loose rock matter
 * ** Diet: ** Insects, Reptiles, including their own kind, Birds and birds' eggs, Small mammals.
 * ** Breeding: ** T he female perentie lays around 6-10 eggs in a burrow, usually beneath a large object such as a boulder. The brightly coloured young hatch around 2-3 months later. (Jeanelle)
 * Description

**Pesticide Usage**

 * More than half of Victoria is freehold agricultural land (Victoria)

**Powerful Owl - Ninox strenua**

 * **Size** - female- 45 to 54cm / male - 48 to 65
 * **Wingspan** - female- 112 to 132cm / male - 115 to 135cm
 * **Weight** - female- 1050 - 1600g male- 1130 to1700g. [Theresa]
 * **Hunting & Food:** The Powerful Owl hunts from perches in trees. They will occasionally eat insects and prey on the ground. Birds may be roughly plucked before eating but never as thoroughly as with diurnal birds of prey. Large prey is often not eaten until the night after capture and the Owl will roost with one foot on prey which is draped over branch. The reason for this not known but this also occurs commonly with Rufous Owls and sometimes with Barking Owl. (Georgia)
 * =By Harrison and Steven:=
 * Size: 60-66cm
 * Habitat: Open forests, bushland and parks
 * Diets: Ring-tail possums, birds, rabbits and small marsupials

**Red fox - Vulpes vulpes**

 * The Red Fox prefers to hunt in the early hours of the morning or late at evening
 * Mostly feed on little rodent typed animals
 * Secondly feed on animals like ; Birds, Racoons, Insects, Reptiles......
 * Thirdly feed on Fruits like ; Apples, Berries (in general), Plums, Grapes and Cherries
 * They also feed on Grass
 * It is usually seen in Forests, Grasslands, Moutains and Deserts also ; Farms, Suburban places and Large Communities
 * Predators are ; Wolves, Bears and Humans
 * They live for around 2 too 4 years
 * BY GRANT
 * Length - 455 to 900mm [Theresa]
 * =Steven Vu=
 * Size- 46-86 cm [Steven]
 * They live in forest, grassland, mountains and also hot desert [Steven]
 * Foods are birds, fish, frog, rabbits and also vegetable
 * They hunt in packs/groups
 * Few feeds on big animals

**Red-headed Mouse Spider - Missulena occatoria**

 * It eats lizards, frogs and sometimes other spiders

=By Harrison.N= Size: 12-24mm Habitat: Often in the bank of a water course Diet: Most insects, eats large insects Other information: Has poisonous fangs

**Sewage Leaks**
By Aleena
 * ==This picture shows a sewage leak and the human waste that is falling into the water ways.==
 * ==A sewage leak can be dangerous as well as disgusting.==
 * ==History - A sewage leak in the Anglesea River caused 60000 litres of human waste spill into the water ways.==
 * ==If there is a sewage leak, it can cause people to die.==

**Black Rat - Rattus rattus**

 * The black rat is closely associated with buildings around the world, although in Britain it mostly tends to inhabit rocky shores and cliffs(oceans and sea/beaches). On the islands it sometimes is around near rubbish dumps and around all different types of buildings. (Anneka, Amanda & Georgia)

.there large fangs enable the mouse spider to overpower quite large food items
joel cathro
 * sewage,blackrat,spider dropping bird.